What condition is characterized by skin thickening and hyperpigmentation, often seen in diabetes?

• A. Acne
• B. Psoriasis
• C. Acanthosis nigricans
• D. Vitiligo

Answer: (C)

Acanthosis nigricans is the condition characterized by skin thickening and hyperpigmentation, typically presenting as dark, velvety patches in body folds and creases. It is often associated with insulin resistance and is commonly seen in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The skin changes occur due to increased growth factor activity and keratinocyte proliferation stimulated by elevated insulin levels.

This condition specifically serves as a clinical marker for metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes, highlighting the relationship between skin manifestations and underlying disease processes. The thickened areas can appear on the neck, armpits, groin, and other areas, making it a visible sign of potential health issues.

In contrast, the other options refer to different skin conditions: acne involves the inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands, psoriasis is characterized by red, scaly patches due to an accelerated skin cell lifecycle, and vitiligo presents as patches of skin losing pigment due to destruction of melanocytes. None of these conditions typically relate to the insulin resistance and skin changes seen in acanthosis nigricans.