What are the signs of infection in a wound?

• A. Redness, warmth, swelling, pus, and increased pain
• B. Dryness and peeling
• C. Itching and irritation
• D. Hardening and discoloration of the skin

Answer: (A)

The signs of infection in a wound are characterized by specific changes in the wound's appearance and the surrounding skin. Redness, warmth, swelling, pus, and increased pain are classic indicators that the body is responding to an infection.

Redness and warmth are due to increased blood flow to the area as the immune system responds to the presence of pathogens. Swelling results from excess fluid and immune cells accumulating in the tissue, which is part of the inflammatory response. The presence of pus, which is a collection of dead white blood cells, bacteria, and tissue debris, signals an ongoing infection. Increased pain often accompanies these signs, as cytokines and other inflammatory mediators sensitize nerve endings in the area.

Other options describe conditions that may occur for reasons other than infection. Dryness and peeling could indicate a lack of moisture or skin irritation rather than infection. Itching and irritation might be signs of an allergic reaction or irritation but do not specifically suggest infection. Hardening and discoloration of the skin can indicate other issues like tissue damage or poor circulation rather than an acute infection. The combination of redness, warmth, swelling, pus, and increased pain distinctly points to an infectious process.